Cannabinoid Education
Once thought to be unique to cannabis, cannabinoids—or cannabinoid-like compounds—have now been identified in other plants such as echinacea, liverwort, and even certain species of cacao. These powerful molecules interact with the human endocannabinoid system (ECS), a complex network that regulates vital processes such as mood, pain, appetite, and immune response. While cannabinoids like THC and CBD remain most well-known for their origins in cannabis, the discovery of similar compounds in other plants highlights their broader role in nature. Whether derived from cannabis or these alternative sources, cannabinoids offer profound insights into the interconnectedness of nature and human health.
Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid (THCA)
THCA is the acidic precursor to THC, found in raw, unheated cannabis. It is non-psychoactive and converts to THC through decarboxylation (via heat or light). THCA interacts with the ECS indirectly, offering anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antiemetic effects. Research suggests it may also help with muscle spasms and nausea, making it valuable for certain medical applications.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
THC is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, responsible for the "high" associated with its use. It binds to CB1 receptors in the brain and nervous system, influencing mood, perception, appetite, and pain. THC can stimulate dopamine release, leading to feelings of euphoria, and has potential therapeutic applications for pain relief, nausea reduction, and appetite stimulation.
Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-8 THC)
Delta-8 THC is an isomer of THC that has a slightly altered molecular structure, resulting in milder psychoactive effects. It binds to CB1 receptors, similar to THC, but with less potency, offering a more clear-headed and less anxious experience. Delta-8 THC has been noted for its anti-nausea, appetite-stimulating, and neuroprotective properties.
Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)
THCV is structurally similar to THC but produces a different set of effects. In low doses, it acts as a CB1 receptor antagonist, potentially curbing the psychoactive effects of THC. THCV is being studied for its appetite-suppressing effects, potential to regulate blood sugar, and neuroprotective properties, making it a focus of interest for managing obesity and diabetes.
Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabivarin (Delta-9-THCV)
Delta-9-THCV is a variant of THCV and interacts with CB1 receptors at high doses to produce mild psychoactive effects. It is known for its stimulating and appetite-suppressing properties, offering potential applications in managing obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Cannabidiol (CBD)
CBD is non-psychoactive and is known for its calming and therapeutic effects. It interacts with both CB1 and CB2 receptors indirectly, modulating the effects of THC and other cannabinoids while influencing serotonin and TRPV1 receptors involved in mood and pain regulation. CBD is widely studied for its anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, and anticonvulsant properties, and it’s a key component in many medical cannabis products.
Cannabidivarin (CBDV)
CBDV is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid similar in structure to CBD. It interacts with TRPV1 receptors, influencing pain perception and inflammation. CBDV is being researched for its potential in treating neurological conditions like epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders, particularly in reducing seizures and improving behavioral symptoms.
Cannabinol (CBN)
CBN is mildly psychoactive and is formed when THC degrades over time, often in aged cannabis. It binds to CB2 receptors more strongly than CB1, contributing to its potential sedative and anti-inflammatory effects. CBN is being explored for its ability to improve sleep quality, reduce inflammation, and provide pain relief.
Cannabigerol (CBG)
Often called the "mother of all cannabinoids," CBG is a precursor to THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids. It interacts with CB1 and CB2 receptors and is thought to have neuroprotective, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. CBG is being studied for its potential to support gut health, reduce intraocular pressure (useful for glaucoma), and combat certain bacteria.
Cannabichromene (CBC)
CBC is non-psychoactive and interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system by influencing receptors like TRPV1 and TRPA1, which are involved in pain perception. It also promotes the production of the body’s natural endocannabinoids, such as anandamide. CBC shows promise in reducing inflammation, promoting neurogenesis, and enhancing the effects of other cannabinoids.
Cannabidiolic Acid (CBDA)
CBDA is the precursor to CBD and is abundant in raw cannabis plants. Like THCA, it’s non-psychoactive and converts to CBD through decarboxylation. CBDA interacts with serotonin receptors, particularly 5-HT1A, which may explain its potential for reducing nausea, anxiety, and inflammation.
Tetrahydrocannabivarinic Acid (THCVA)
THCVA is the precursor to THCV and shares its appetite-suppressing and neuroprotective qualities. It is non-psychoactive in its raw form and shows promise in managing inflammation and metabolic disorders. THCVA is also being studied for its potential in regulating insulin sensitivity.
Cannabigerolic Acid (CBGA)
CBGA is the “stem cell” cannabinoid from which THCA, CBDA, and other cannabinoids are derived. It interacts indirectly with ECS receptors and shows strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. CBGA is also thought to support metabolic health and protect cells from oxidative stress.
Cannabichromenic Acid (CBCA)
CBCA is the acidic form of CBC and plays a role in the plant’s defense mechanisms against pests and disease. While less studied than other cannabinoids, it has shown potential for anti-inflammatory and antifungal effects, interacting with the ECS to support immune health.
Delta-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-10 THC)
Delta-10 THC is a psychoactive cannabinoid similar to Delta-8 and Delta-9 THC but is reported to produce a milder, more uplifting high. It binds to CB1 receptors, although less potently than Delta-9, and is being studied for its potential to enhance focus and energy while reducing stress.
Cannabicitran (CBT)
CBT is a lesser-known cannabinoid that is non-psychoactive and believed to work synergistically with other cannabinoids. Early studies suggest it may have applications in modulating THC’s psychoactive effects and supporting mood balance.
Cannabigerovarin (CBGV)
CBGV is a varin cannabinoid, similar in structure to CBG but with unique properties. It interacts with CB1 and CB2 receptors and may amplify the effects of other cannabinoids. Research is exploring its potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective benefits.
Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid-A (THCA-A)
THCA-A is a subtype of THCA with a slightly different chemical structure. It is non-psychoactive and shares many therapeutic properties with THCA, including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antiemetic effects. Its distinct molecular profile may offer additional medicinal applications.
Cannabichromevarin (CBCV)
CBCV is a varin cannabinoid structurally similar to CBC. While research is limited, it is believed to have anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant properties. Its interactions with ECS receptors may enhance the therapeutic potential of other cannabinoids.
Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabiphorol (Delta-9-THCP)
Delta-9-THCP is a highly potent cannabinoid with a longer alkyl side chain than THC, allowing it to bind more strongly to CB1 receptors. It produces significantly stronger psychoactive effects and is being studied for its potential in pain relief, appetite stimulation, and other therapeutic applications.